福建对台口岸蚊媒种类及滋生环境调查

目的掌握福建对台口岸蚊媒种类以及滋生环境,为对台口岸卫生检疫防止蚊传疾病传入传出提供依据。方法采用幼虫调查法、人诱法、牛诱法相结合,幼虫饲养后成蚊鉴定。结果此次调查蚊媒8种滋生环境,经鉴定隶属于2亚科7属24种,并在口岸旧船舱中首次发现有三带喙库蚊滋生。结论福建作为对台的重要口岸,在卫生检疫中建议针对性加强对登革热以及乙脑等相关蚊传疾病监测。     

CXCL5基因敲除小鼠的繁殖、基因型鉴定及与野生型小鼠的比较

目的：繁殖和鉴定 CXC 趋化因子配体5（CXC chemokine ligand 5,CXCL5）基因敲除小鼠,以获得 CXCL5－／－纯合子小鼠并与野生型小鼠进行比较。方法将 CXCL5＋／－杂合子小鼠繁殖后,剪取子代小鼠耳组织,提取基因组 DNA ,用 PCR 法鉴定子代小鼠的基因型。采用独立样本 t 检验比较同周龄同性别 CXCL5基因敲除纯合子小鼠与野生型小鼠的体重和结直肠长度,并通过苏木素‐伊红染色观察两种基因型小鼠的结肠形态结构。结果经繁殖,共获得60只 CXCL5－／－纯合子小鼠和55只野生型小鼠。4、6、8、10周龄雌性 CXCL5－／－小鼠的体重分别为（10．08±0．78）、（14．55±0．92）、（18．01±0．68）和（19．75±1．23） g ,明显轻于同龄雌性野生型小鼠〔（11．43±0．85）、（18．42±0．76）、（20．42±1．63）和（21．27±1．66） g〕（t 值分别为‐2．622、‐7．253、‐3．042、‐1．644,P 值均＜0．05）;6、8周龄雄性CXCL5－／－小鼠的体重分别为（17．46±0．74）和（20．62±1．62） g ,也明显轻于同龄雄性野生型小鼠〔（20．47±1．66）和（23．33±1．67）g〕（t 值分别为3．688、2．885,P 值均＜0．05）。6周龄雌性CXCL5－／－小鼠的结直肠长度为（6．86±0．17） cm ,与同龄雌性野生型小鼠（7．66±0．11） cm 的长度相比,明显较短（t＝8．835,P ＜0．05）,但结肠的形态结构无明显改变。结论成功获得了 CXCL5基因敲除纯合子小鼠,为深入研究 CXCL5的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

心肌双核素显像三种图像处理方法诊断冠心病的临床价值

目的 比较心肌双核素断层图、原始图和定量靶心图3种图像处理方法诊断冠心病,鉴别缺血心肌和缺血活性心肌。方法 设正常对照组20例,冠脉造影证实冠状动脉有病变的患者54例,其中冠状动脉狭窄＞50％的冠心病患者32例。在静息状态下静脉注射^99mTc-MIB I20mCi(740MBq),15min后作常规多巴酚丁胺负荷试验,在达到负荷要求时静脉注射201Tl3mCi(111MBq)。分别在注射后10min和4h作心肌双核素断层图像采集（SIEMENS SPECT仪器）。结果 （1）．心肌双核素断层图、原始图和定量靶心图诊断冠心病（冠状动脉狭窄＞50％）的灵敏度和特异性分别为100％、100％、85％和98．5％、73．7％、78．9％。（2）．断层图、原始图和定量靶心图诊断72支冠状动脉病变（冠脉造影异常）的灵敏度和特异性分别为54％、57．9％、47．2％和96．5％、87．7％、92．2％。（3）．断层图、原始图和定量靶心图诊断32支冠状动脉狭窄（狭窄＞50％）的灵敏度和特异性分别为75％、78％、72％和96．5％、87％、92．2％。结论 比较3种图像处理方法,诊断冠心病和冠脉病变差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。但结合3种图像处理方法可提高冠心病的诊断和鉴别诊断的可靠性。     

Tocopherol concentration in almond oil from Moroccan seedlings: Geographical origin and post-harvest implications

The concentration of the three main tocopherol homologs was determined in oil samples of almond kernels of four different seedling populations from Morocco. The concentration of α-tocopherol ranged from 300.9 to 656.7 mg/kg oil, showing higher concentrations than what has previously been reported for almond. The concentration of δ-tocopherol ranged from 0.22 to 2.2 mg/kg oil, similar to that of other almond genotypes, and that of γ-tocopherol from 4.4 to 33.4 mg/kg oil, a wider range than has previously been determined in almond. Although the effect of harvest year was significant, tocopherol variability was due mainly to the genotype. The geographical origin was also significant, with the mountain populations showing higher concentrations of tocopherol, probably due to empirical selection for increased storage life, as tocopherol retards rancidification. These results may help to determine geographical areas of almond production with defined characteristics in order to increase the value of the almond products and the revenue of the local growers. Additionally, some seedlings could be incorporated as parents in a breeding program for increasing tocopherol concentration.     

Cross-Fostering and Cross-Breeding of HAB and LAB Rats: A Genetic Rat Model of Anxiety

Recently, two Wistar rat lines, bred and selected for either high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior on the elevated plus-maze, were described as a novel psychopathologic animal model. The behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to exposure to an emotional stressor were markedly enhanced in HAB rats compared with LAB rats, thus resembling patients suffering from psychiatric diseases. The present study focused on the developmental and genetic basis of the line-specific differences by using cross-fostering and cross-breeding approaches. For the cross-fostering paradigm, neonate HAB offspring were nursed by a LAB foster mother, and vice versa, until weaning. In the cross-breeding approach, HAB females were mated with LAB males, and vice versa, to create an intermediate F₁ generation. Thereafter, the F₁ animals were strictly sibling-mated to produce a segregating F₂ generation. At 10 weeks of age, anxiety-related behavior of all animals was tested on the elevated plus-maze. The robustness of emotionality was assessed in rats of both lines throughout their entire lifetime. Serving this purpose, the frequency of ultrasound isolation calls, indicative of the emotionality of newborn rats, was monitored in regularly-fostered HAB and LAB pups on postnatal day 11. In addition, the timecourse of anxiety-related behavior was studied by repeated testing on the elevated plus-maze at the ages of 10 weeks, 6 months, 16 months, and 19 months. The cross-fostering approach failed to reveal behavioral differences between regularly and cross-fostered HAB and LAB rats, indicating no line-specific differences in maternal care or maternally-influenced development, at least after postnatal day 1. In contrast, cross-breeding resulted in F₁ and F₂ offspring displaying intermediate behavioral patterns on the elevated plus-maze which were exactly in between those shown in HAB and LAB control rats, thus confirming a genetic basis of the differences in anxiety. Cross-breeding revealed no differences related to the gender of the offspring or to the line-derivation of sire or dam, indicating an autosomal, rather than heterosomal, heredity of the divergent emotionality in HABs and LABs. Further, we were able to show stable and robust emotional differences in rats of both lines during their entire lifetime. HAB rats showed an enhanced frequency of ultrasound isolation calls on postnatal day 11 (p < 0.05) and a lower open arm exploration of the elevated plus-maze throughout adulthood (p < 0.01) compared with the same-aged LABs. In conclusion, the extremely divergent anxiety levels of HAB and LAB rats are maintained during their whole lives and are determined genetically, rather than being learned. These findings may be important for further studies on the genetic basis of emotionality.     

重庆市城区不同类型积水蚊幼虫孳生情况调查

目的调查重庆市城区不同类型积水中蚊虫孳生情况,为蚊虫防制提供科学依据。方法对盆景、缸、罐、轮胎等小型积水容器采用直接观察法,对水池、湖泊等大中型积水采用直接观察法结合500ml采集勺取样调查法,调查统计蚊幼虫孳生比例,并采集部分幼虫带回实验室饲养,待其羽化后分类鉴定。结果除放养鱼类的水池、湖泊外,各类积水中都有一定比例的蚊幼虫孳生,其中小型积水容器蚊幼虫孳生率为1．45％～91．11％,平均为10．65％,大中型水体蚊幼虫孳生率平均为18．42％;孳生优势蚊种为白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊,分别占58．18％和29．56％。结论城区蚊虫防制,不能忽视各类积水的治理。     

福建省不同地区白纹伊蚊种群密度与生态特征调查

目的了解福建省不同地区白纹伊蚊种群密度及生态特征,为评估登革热传播风险,预防和控制登革热暴发流行提供依据。方法调查不同地区白纹伊蚊幼虫密度;调查居民室内外积水容器的种类和幼虫孳生情况。结果白纹伊蚊平均布雷图指数(breteau index,BI)、房屋指数(house index,HI)和容器指数(container index,CI)分别为84.5、46.9和43.1;莆田涵江、福州连江、厦门集美、漳州东山、宁德福鼎和南平武夷山的布雷图指数分别为73.1、109.5、87.3、74.7、63.1和61.9;幼虫孳生地类型以废弃的缸、罐、桶、碗等闲置容器为主。结论福建省登革热媒介白纹伊蚊幼虫密度大大超过登革热流行高危险指数,存在登革热暴发流行的风险。     

裸鼹鼠的人工饲养繁育初步研究

目的 探索裸鼹鼠的人工饲养和繁育方法.方法 在科学的饲养管理和适宜的饲养环境下,采用全同胞兄妹交配的方法,观察统计裸鼹鼠的妊娠率、胎间隔、窝产仔数、离乳数和成活率.结果 通过7对裸鼹鼠的繁育观察,表明裸鼹鼠能适应人工环境.雌雄鼠初次交配年龄为8～12月龄,第1胎妊娠率为71.43％;5只母鼠第1胎平均产仔数9.20±3.90只/窝,离乳数7.60±5.03只/窝,成活率为75.10％±42.49％;第2胎胎间隔89.00±19.53 d、产仔数9.60±5.68只/窝、离乳数6.20±4.09只/窝,成活率为74.33％±34.19％;第3胎胎间隔99.60±17.17 d、产仔数12.40±4.77只/窝、离乳数10.00±3.08只/窝,成活率为82.91％±16.70％.结论 裸鼹鼠在人工环境适应后,繁殖性能大大提高,可以培育出实验动物化的裸鼹鼠.     

唐鱼卵黄蛋白原的ELISA检测方法的建立

实验用兔是实验动物的重要组成部分,主要应用于药品、生物制品的热原检定试验、抗血清的制备、皮肤刺激性试验和视神经、微生物学、运动医学等科研及教学领域,在我国的使用量仅次于大、小鼠、金黄仓鼠和豚鼠,是目前尚不可替代的实验材料和模型。国外发达国家实验兔研究与SPF级实验兔的培育和应用发展迅速。随着我国生命科学、医学领域研究水平的提高和为顺应我国新颁布的《中国药典》、《中国生物制品规程》对实验兔质量提出的要求,实验兔正逐步向SPF级／清洁级方向发展。本文就我国SPF级新西兰兔培育和生物特性研究工作的进展作一概述。